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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Understanding CKD - its stages, symptoms, causes, and treatment options with Dr. Rajesh Goel

What is Chronic Kidney Disease?

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time. The kidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, which are then excreted in urine. When chronic kidney disease reaches an advanced stage, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes can build up in the body.

CKD affects approximately 10-15% of the global population. Early detection is crucial as treatment can often slow the progression of the disease and prevent complications.

Stages of CKD

CKD is classified into 5 stages based on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR):

Stage 1
GFR: 90+
Kidney damage with normal function
Stage 2
GFR: 60-89
Mildly decreased function
Stage 3a
GFR: 45-59
Mild to moderate decrease
Stage 3b
GFR: 30-44
Moderate to severe decrease
Stage 4
GFR: 15-29
Severely decreased function
Stage 5
GFR: <15
Kidney failure (ESRD)

Causes of CKD

Diabetes (Type 1 and Type 2)
High blood pressure (Hypertension)
Glomerulonephritis
Polycystic kidney disease
Prolonged urinary tract obstruction
Kidney infections
Lupus and other autoimmune diseases
Heart disease
Overuse of certain medications (NSAIDs)

Symptoms of CKD

CKD often has no symptoms in the early stages. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

Fatigue and weakness
Swelling in feet, ankles, and legs
Decreased urine output
Shortness of breath
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
Chest pain or pressure
Persistent itching
Difficulty concentrating
Muscle cramps
Insomnia
Foamy or bloody urine

Treatment Options

Lifestyle Changes

Diet modifications, exercise, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol

Medications

Blood pressure control, diabetes management, anemia treatment

Dialysis

Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis when kidneys fail

Kidney Transplant

Best option for eligible patients with end-stage renal disease

Talk to Dr. Rajesh Goel

Expert nephrologist with 18+ years experience in treating CKD

+91 9818235688
Mon-Sat: 2:00 PM - 7:00 PM
PSRI Hospital, Saket, Faridabad